Legal and institutional obstacles - Free Essay Example

Research Proposal EFG Ajayi Abstract It is settled that of all the modes of transportation, viz., air, land and sea, carriage of goods by sea is the most economical way to take sizeable quantities of cargo over long distances. The development of special vessels of immense sizes and propulsion to carry various cargoes has continued to make transportation by sea more attractive. The economic principle of comparative advantage and globalization has given impetus to international trade and commerce and carriage of goods by sea is the means towards the actualization of international trade which of course, is indispensable to mankind; despite the advantages attributable to sea carriage, there are international concerns regarding the multiplicity of legal and institutional hurdles faced by cargo interests with respect cargo loss or damage; the myriad of rules that are impediments to equitable cargo claims is the issue which this study shall critically examine as well as proffer recommendations to frontally reverse the extant inequality between cargo interests, carriers and other stake holders in the global contract of ocean carriage. 1. Title: Legal and institutional obstacles to marine cargo claims against shippers, consignees and parties claiming under their title. 2. Background and outline of the research problem: The fact that the exchange of goods and services is an important aspect of human life is beyond controversy; that activity dates back to history as attested by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trade by barterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  during the stone ages; in modern times, countries of the world are not equally endowed with human and natural resources, more importantly, the economic principle espoused by comparative advantage on one hand, the free market economy and globalization on the other, has made international trade and inter-governmental commercial transactions, an indispensable aspect of human life. The maritime industry could aptly be de scribed as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“gate-way to the global economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to volume of goods carried by sea which accounts for the bulk of trade and commerce between nations of the world. To lend credence to the above assertion, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that Trade and Commerce have become internationalized which of course makes carriage of goods by sea, indispensable. The sea transport industry plays a major role in world economy; the industry is an engine for growth and a generator of quality human life, a fundamental element to maintain the vitality of sea transportation in order to reap the immense benefits thereof, is to ensure equitable and a balanced terms of contract to the parties and stake holders involved in the global transaction. The extant inequality amongst the parties in ocean transportation transaction is the principal issue which this research sets out to critically examine. 3. Literature review and reasons for choosing the topic As high lighted above to the effect that comparative advantage and globalization has internationalized trade and commerce, carriage of goods by sea is the veritable vehicle or conduit pipe towards the actualization of international trade, however, there are concerns across the globe regarding the almost insurmountable legal and institutional hurdles faced by cargo interests when cargo loss or damage arises; the multiplicity of the rules militating against successful cargo claims either by litigation or through Alternative Dispute Resolution methods are diverse, nay, various jurisdictions apply various rules embodied in the contract of ocean carriage. More importantly, though it is an unassailable fact that international trade is facilitated through shipping but there is no uniform rule regulating the global contract of sea carriage, in effect, rather than have one rule applicable internationally, three carriage regimes namely the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg are in operation depending on whichever of the rule a cargo carrier chooses; cargo interests thus have no choice than abide with the carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice, be that as it may, the practical application of the three rules concurrently had fettered and continue to do incalculable damages to free trade, it engenders uncertainty and prompts avoidable litigations worldwide. It is on this note that this research intends to embark on a beneath-the-surface analysis of marine cargo claims so as to bring to the fore the anomalous state of affairs, ipso facto, fill the knowledge interstitial and proceed to make recommendations which hopefully, would redress the shortcomings of the current global maritime law and practice. It is necessary to earmark at this juncture that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rotterdam ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is the latest international effort targeted at uniformity and in consonance with modernity and which to a large extent, addresses some of the apparent shortcomings of the outdated but extant international carriage regimes, that is the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg rules is underway, but not yet in force. 4. Research questions In order to gain insight into the lopsided state of international carriage laws, the following questions shall be investigated in the course of this research: What is marine cargo claims, what warrants them, what is their nature, source, scope and complexities; why is the onerous burden of proof placed on cargo owners when most often, cargo is not in their custody but in the custody of carrier or port authorities; what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“documentationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“long roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“port congestionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“port surchargeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in maritime transactions, does the foregoing concepts delay cargo shipping and delivery and do they add to the cost of shipping which are ultimately on-passed to hapless consumers and end users of shipped goods, what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “nautical fault defenseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is it in the interest of cargo or the carrier, what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“physicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fortuitousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“externalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  loss or damage in marine policies, does the application of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“utmost good faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  principle in marine insurance contracts engender a balanced relationship between the insurer and insured; it is settled law, that where there is a loss there is a claim, but does the practical application of restitio in integrum concept in marine insurance really effective and in the best interest of cargo owners? What are obstacles to marine cargo claims, does obstacles to marine cargo claims inhibits trade between persons, organizations and nation-states and if the answer is in the affirmative, what efforts are being made internationally to achieve a uniform rule with respect to mitigating the negative effect of obstacles to marine cargo claims on intern ational trade and commerce, what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ limitation of liabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“package limitationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in whose interest were they inserted into contract of sea carriage and what is their effect on cargo interest, why is it that the carriers and insurers are not held liable for leakage and breakage or for any loss caused by rats or vermin and what is forum non convenience? What is the length of time allowed to initiate cargo claims; is there uniformity in the time frame allowed internationally, is the said time length equitable or justified in all circumstances warranting their continued imposition, and have they improved or worsen the economic and socio well-being of cargo interests; what is the meaning of pre-action notice, what is their purpose or utility in maritime transactions, do they frustrate genuine cargo claims and do they deny litigants of their constitutional right of access to courts, why is the ec onomic loss occasioned by delay of ocean going vessels foreclosed to claims, is this the law or custom and practice and for whose benefit is this clause inserted into ocean carriage contracts? Are there other dispute resolution mechanisms aside from litigation to resolve marine cargo claims; if so, are the said mechanisms equitable and justifiable in all circumstances, are there situations where judgment debtors default in complying with court judgments and outcomes of arbitral awards especially when the offending party is out of jurisdiction, what is the meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exclusive jurisdiction clauseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“choice of location for Arbitration sole determination by the carrier,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  does the right of access to court of choice by cargo interest or Arbitration hampered by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exclusive jurisdiction clauseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unilateral choice of location for Arbitration by the carrierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , does enf orcement of arbitration clauses in support of bill of lading go against third parties claiming under the title of shippers and consignees especially where there are sub-bailment to which the concerned shipper or consignee is not a party ab initio, and does the time tested doctrine of law: verba fortius acci piuntur contra proferentem apply to maritime cases? 5. Research design The research is non-empirical; it shall be based on conceptual analysis and the review of relevant literature; and maritime trade by its nature being a cross jurisdictional transaction, the study shall majorly be premised on comparative and critical analysis of established legal principles, rules and doctrines. 6. Research methodology Qualitative research approach shall be used the research being a non-empirical one; for the requisite data and information, Conventions, Treaties, Case Law Reports, Journals, Internet, Articles, Historical records, and Textbooks on Maritime Law and global trade shall be used. The contents of the above materials shall be subjected to critical analysis. 7. Structure of Thesis Chapters Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2 : Obstacles arising from carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acts Chapter 3 : Obstacles attributable to port authorities, warehouses, cargo custodians etc Chapter 4 : Obstacles posed by insurance companies for shippersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and consigneesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Chapter 5 : Obstacles for third parties claiming under shippers and consignees titles Chapter 6 : International trade and Maritime Law Chapter 7 : Steps towards unification of International Maritime Law Chapter 8 : Conclusion Delineations and limitations This research shall only consider cargo claims carried via the sea in containers and covered by the carrierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bill of Lading, in other words, the contribution will not consider cargoes carried in bulk or in any other form(s) even if such cargoes are covered by Bill of Lading . 8. References 8.1: Legislation Admiralty Jurisdiction Procedure Act, 1991 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria Admiralty Jurisdiction Procedure Rules, 1993 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria Athens Convention on the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea 1974 and 1976 Protocol Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 Instituteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Cargo Clause (All Risks) International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, as amended International Convention on Limitation of Liability 1957 Marine Insurance Act, 1906 Laws of United Kingdom Merchant Shipping (Liability of Ship-ownersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and others) Act 1958, Laws of UK New York Convention Protocol of 1996 to amend the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act Cap 44 of the 1990 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria The Nigeria Ports Act, 1999 The Hague Rules (1924) The Hague-Visby Rules (1968 ) The Hamburg Rules (1978) The Rotterdam Rules (2009) 8.2: Case Law Air-cool Metal Industries (Nig.) Ltd V. Nigerian Ports Authority (1974) NSC Vol. 1. Alluvials Mining Machinery V SStowe (1922) 10 L Rep. 265 Asia Trading Co. Ltd V Nigeria Ports Authority (1983) NSC Vol. II Bandrett V Hentigg (1816) Holt N. P. 149 British South Africa V. Compagnia De Mozambique (1893) A. C. 602- p. 17 Broadline Enterprises Ltd. V. Monterey Maritime Corp. (1995) 9 NWLR 1 Castellain V. Preston (1883) 11 Q B D 380 Commercial Union V. Lister (1874) 9 Cg. App 483 Container Trans Intl V. Oceanus Mutual Underwriting (CTI) (1984) I Lloyds Rep. 476 Demetraides Co. V. Northern Assurance Co. (1926) 21 LL.L Rep. 265 Firemanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Fund Insurance V Tropical Shipping (2001) CA Gulfstream Cargo Ltd. V. Reliance Insurance Co., The Papoose (1997) I Lloyds Rep.178 Mareva Compania Naveria S. A, International Bulk Carriers Ltd (1975) 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s Rep. 509 Midland Railway Company V Local Board District of Withington (1882) Q.B.D.788 at 794 Nigeria Cement Ltd V. Nigeria Railway Corporation Anor (1992) 1 NWLR Pt. 220) 747 Nigeria Ports Authority V Construzioni (1974) 12 SC 81 Pan Atlantic Insurance Co. Ltd. V. Pine Top Insurance Co. Ltd (1994) 3 All ER Provincial Ins. Co. V Morgan (1933) AC 240, contra proferentem per Lord Russel at p. 250 Sonnar (Nig) Ltd. Anor. V. Patemereederi M.S. Norwind Ors (1987) 9 11 S.C. 121 Spliethoffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bevrachtingskantoor B. V. V A.G of the Federation and Ors (1988) FHC Thames and Mersey Marine Ins. V. Gunford Ship Ltd (1911) A. C. 529 The Bold Buccleugh (1851) 13 ER 884 P. 890 The Fehman (1958) 1 W. L. R. 159 The River Rima (1988) 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 193 The Tolten (1964) 2 All E. R. 370 West minister Bank Ltd. V. Edwards(1942) A. C. 529 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd V Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd. (1961) 2 All ER 408 8.3: Litera ture Books Brown, Robert H.: Marine Insurance Volume 2. Cargo Practice 5th Ed. ISBN 13: 978-1-85609-132-9 January 1996 Bernstein (1977): Handbook of Arbitration Dispute Resolution Practice, 4th Edition, Sweet Maxwell, 2003 Christopher Hill: Maritime Law, 4th Ed. Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s of London Press, 1995 E. R. Hardy Ivamy: General Principles of Insurance Law, 5th Ed. London: Butterworth Co 1986 Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law of England 4th 5th Edition, edited by Rt. Hon Lord Mackay, LexisNexis Butterworth, UK, 1991 Hare, J: Shipping Law and Admiralty Jurisdiction in South Africa. 2nd Edition 2009 ISBN 9780702179464 B. Harnett, The Doctrine of Concealment: A Remnant in the Law of Insurance, 15 Law Contemporary Problems. 391-414 (1950) Prof C. M. Schmitthoff: The Export Trade 7th Edition, The Law and Practice of International Trade, London, 1980 Prof. Oyerokun: Insurance Law in Nigeria, IQRA Books, Nigeria 2001 Roberty Matthews Paul Oliver: Ma rine and Aviation Insurance London, 1988 Shipping Law: Robert Grime Sweet Maxwell (1995) William Tetley, Maritime Liens Claims, 2nd Edition 1998 William Tetley: International Maritime Admiralty Law January 2003 Editions Yvon Blais ISBN 9782894516126 Journals Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide: Circuit Court Admiralty Cases All English Report Australian and New Zealand Maritime Law Journal International Journal of Insurance Law Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce Lloyds Law Report Internet www.imo.org 1

Influence Of Urban Legends On Various Art Forms Of 21st...

Summer Project On ‘Influence of Urban Legends on Various Art forms Of 21st Century ’ In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of B.A. Hons. English - 3 Submitted By: Supervised By: Annant Gaur Dr. Smita Mishra A0706113077 Asst. Professor Amity Institute of English Studies and Research AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH India DECLARATION Date: 30.7.2014 I, Annant Gaur, student of B.A. Hons - 3. English of Amity Institute of English Studies and Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, hereby declare that I have completed the Project in English on The Influence of Urban Legends on Various Art Forms Of 21st Century in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of B.A. Hons. English I declare that it is an original work and has not been submitted so far in part or in full, for award of any other degree or diploma of any University or Institution. Annant Gaur A0706113077 AMITY UNIVERSITY --------------UTTAR PRADESH------------- Amity Institute of English Studies and Research Date: 7th Oct, 2014 PLAGIARISM REPORT The Term Paper/Dissertation titled ‘Influence of Urban Legends on various art forms of 21st Century’ submitted by Annant Gaur, Enrollment No. A0706113077 of Amity Institute of English Studies and Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degreeShow MoreRelatedLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 PagesThe history of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to the present day. Over this period, English poets have written some of the most enduring poems in Western culture, and the language and its poetry have spread around the globe. Consequently, the term English poetry is unavoidably ambiguous. It can mean poetry written in England, or poetry written in the English language. The earliest surviving poetry was likely transmitted orally and then written down in versions that doRead MoreJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 PagesDetective Comics #27 (May 1939)The first Batman story, The Case of the Chemical Syndicate, appeared in Detective Comics #27, cover-dated May 1939. Finger wrote the first Batman strip and Kane provided the art. Finger said, Batman was originally written in the style of the pulps[6] and this influence was evident with Batman showing little remorse over killing or maiming criminals. The Bat-Man was a breakout hit, with sales on Detective Comics soaring to the point that the character was given his ownRead MoreImpact of Media on Socio-Cultural Values and Social Institution in Indian Society10316 Words   |  42 Pagesgrowth of media as an industry has accelerated over the past few years with new forms such as DVD and the internet changing the way we, the audience, consume and receive media. 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Corporate Finance Goods or Services

Questions: 1. Elaborate more about "why economies of scale are one of the reasons of lower issuance debt cost" (hilighted in red font). Please write 1 additional page for this point.2.Write more: Analyse more reasons/advantages of rights offering.Structure the answer according to these reasons. Please write 2 additional pages for this. Answers: 1. Economies of scale are referred to that situated when more amounts of goods or services can be produced at a less input costs. This also means that a company is able to grow and produce more number of units and has a better scope for decreasing its costs. The lower issuance debt cost has been evident in from of internal Economies of scale. The advantage of this in terms lower issuance debt cost may be seen to occur due to several reasons. The primary reason behind this may be due to Specialization and division of labour. The company may be able to save a considerable amount of resources, as the workers will be requiring little training. In several cases, the lower issuance of the debt cost due to the economies of scale may be evident with bulk buying of the items. When the items are bought in large quantities then the companies are seen to provide a considerable amount of reduction in the final payment. This in turn can be utilized to pay off any additional debts or borrowing from the financial institutions taken by the company. The advantages in terms of the lowering the debt cost has been further seen to exist due to the financial economies which is a result of more production within the company. Due to these financial economies, firms can get a better interest rate and this in turn will assists in lower issuance debt cost. The various types of the external economies of scale are further seen to assist the companies in terms of the benefits, which related to good supply networks, access to specialized labor and better availability of infrastructure. Due to the aforementioned benefits due to the economies of scale, the company will be able to get the leverage in terms of higher financial economies and lower the debt cost (Economicshelp.org, 2017). 2. Horseshoe Corporation can retain the control of the company by the issue of rights to the existing shareholders. The investors pay for the new shares that are being issued and in this way the company will be able to raise the capital. This will help the company to repay debts, acquire new assets or in some cases even save themselves from bankruptcies. The issue of rights is a preferred way of raising capital even if company is not doing well. For instance, in case the rate of interest for bank loans is high or the company is not in a situation to bear the bond rate, then raising of capital through rights issue is identified as the most appropriate measure. Horseshoe Corporation should further note that this decision will result in net profit to spread over a number of shares. This decision will further lead to reduced earnings per share and cause several changes in the cash flow of the company. However, this method of raising capital will be able to strengthen the balance of the c ompany and the allow Horseshoe Corporation to pursue for strategic opportunities in main market (Rogoff, 2015). One must understand the existing shareholders are not seen to suffer because of dilution as the fresh issue of the shares is seen on terms of lower amount of face value on the shares. This decrease in the value of the shares can be observed to be compensated in terms of the by getting new shares at a reduced market price. The company is further able to get a better image during the issue of the rights as the existing shareholders of the company are seen to be satisfied in terms of the possession of the shares (David Myers, 2015). It is often considered that fresh issue of the stocks to the existing shareholders often results in higher return rather than issuing of the stocks to the public. This form of the distribution of the shares is often considered to be a more fair and ethical process. The directors of the company cannot misuse the opportunity for distributing the shares among their friends and relatives at a reduced value, thereby retaining more control by offering to new share s to the existing shareholders. Some of the other benefits of rights issue is often recognized in terms of the less stringent formalities in compare to IPO. The disclosure of the internal matter of the company is further constrained within the existing shareholders of the company. Rights issue will further allow Horseshoe Corporation to raise capital without changing the percentage holding of the existing shareholders (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). Reference List David Myers CEcD, M. A. (2015). economies of scale.Economic Development Journal,14(3), 11. Economicshelp.org. (2017).Definition of economies of scale | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/costs/economies-scale/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2017]. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Rogoff, K. (2015). Costs and benefits to phasing out paper currency.NBER Macroeconomics Annual,29(1), 445-456.

Merger Between Daimler

Recommendations The failed merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler suggests that the integration of large corporations requires in-depth assessment of external risks and possible conflicts within an organization. Provided that these precautions are not taken, even very efficient companies can become stagnant. On the whole, it is possible to make several recommendations on the basis of this case.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, the management of merged companies should not be too optimistic about the performance and profitability of their organizations. The thing is that the integration of large corporations is a very time-consuming process because it is necessary to align different cultures, production methods, performance appraisal techniques and so forth. This issue is particular important in those cases when business admi nistrators set timelines or develop schedules. The management of DaimlerChrysler expected significant revenues within several years, but these expectations were unrealistic. The problem is that unrealistic expectations often lead to panic and hasty decisions. For example, many Chrysler executives were fired only because DaimlerChrysler did not attain the expected financial goals. Such a strategy only increased the tensions within the organization. Prior to the merger, the management of companies should pay close attention to the competitive positions of each other and the trends that emerged in a certain market. For example, Daimler-Benz was an indisputable leader of the German car-manufacturing industry. Moreover, they believed that the partnership with Chrysler would give them access to the U.S. market. Yet, Chrysler faced significant competition from Ford as well Toyota. Again, this recommendation is related to the problem of unrealistic expectations set by corporate executives w ho expected that the merger would become successful almost immediately. The executives of such companies should find ways of reconciling various organizational cultures. It should be noted that Daimler-Benz and Chrysler had different polices regarding executive compensation, work styles and decision-making within the company. These differences resulted in many conflicts between the employees of these corporations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their corporate executives should create a culture that appeal to the workers of a newly-created company. Under these circumstances, the HR managers of both companies should join their efforts and develop a set of policies related to compensation, evaluation of performance, and the structure of the new company. In this way, companies can avoid many potential conflicts. The managers of merged companies must ensure that different depa rtments or divisions of the organization can share resources, technologies or information. For instance, Chrysler did not receive any support from Daimler-Benz. Thus, corporate executives should eliminate the barriers that prevent different departments from cooperating with one another. These organizational policies were not developed in DaimlerChrysler. Business administrators should inform the employees about the future strategies and goals of an organization. The workers should now what is expected from them and how they are supposed to achieve these goals. The Chrysler employees never had an opportunity to interact with the management and discuss future activities of the organization. Many workers were not confident of their job security and this lack of certainty could adversely affect their performance. It should be noted that many former executives were fired because of satisfactory results and this influenced the overall morale with within the company. This is one of the rea sons why this merger was unsuccessful. The executives, who plan the merger of two organizations, should determine whether this partnership will be really a merger of equals. They have to decide which partner will play the leading role. The union of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler was described as the merger of equals, but this approach resulted in a great number of conflicts between the executives of the American and German divisions of DaimlerChrysler. At the very beginning, this issue was not properly addressed by the leaders of two corporations. Finally, business administrators should find ways of making large corporations less bureaucratic and hierarchical. In particular, they must ensure that workers can communicate with top executives of any organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This task is particular important for merged corpora tions like Chrysler and Daimler-Benz. This goal can be achieved by joining several departments and empowering workers. The managers of DaimlerChrysler did not do it. Conclusion On the whole, the merger of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler can be viewed as a valuable lesson for other companies that intend to merge with one another. Moreover, the recommendations put forward in this paper can be applicable to other industries, for instance, financial services sector, IT industry, manufacturing and so forth. Furthermore, the challenges described in this report are particularly relevant to large corporations that can be based in countries with legislation, work culture, language, and labor relations. In particular, this case illustrates the importance of reconciling different organizations, exchange of information between departments, and employee involvement. Furthermore, such a problem as unrealistic expectations can occur in various organizational settings. This is why the lessons of DaimlerC hrysler should be considered by the management of various organizations that are supposed to merge with one another; otherwise these companies will not attain their objectives. This report on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler was written and submitted by user Jeram1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Love Poems for YourValentine

Top Ten Love Poems for YourValentine Its almost that time again. Valentines Day is coming up and youd like to do something a little more romantic for your beloved than the typical Hallmark greeting card.   Fortunately, we here  at are prepared to  be your very own Cyrano. Here are some of the best love poems ever penned. 1.  She Walks In Beauty by Lord Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 2.  XVII by Pablo Neruda I do not love you as if you were salt-rose, or topaz, or the arrow of carnations the fire shoots off. I love you as certain dark things are to be loved, in secret, between the shadow and the soul. I love you as the plant that never blooms but carries in itself the light of hidden flowers; thanks to your love a certain solid fragrance, risen from the earth, lives darkly in my body. I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where. I love you straightforwardly, without complexities or pride; so I love you because I know no other way than this: where I does not exist, nor you, so close that your hand on my chest is my hand, so close that your eyes close as I fall asleep. 3.  i carry your heart with me by e.e. cummings i  carry your heart with me(i carry it in my heart)i am never without it(anywhere i go you go,my dear; and whatever is done by only me is your doing,my darling) i fear no fate(for you are my fate,my sweet)i want no world(for beautiful you are my world,my true) and its you are whatever a moon has always meant and whatever a sun will always sing is you here is the deepest secret nobody knows (here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;which grows higher than the soul can hope or mind can hide) and this is the wonder thats keeping the stars apart i  carry your heart(i carry it in my heart). 4.  From The Thief of Sleep by Rumi Suddenly the drunken sweetheart appeared out of my door. She drank a cup of ruby wine and sat by my side. Seeing and holding the lockets of her hair My face became all eyes, and my eyes all hands. 5.  Gloire de Dijon by D.H. Lawrence When  she rises in the morning I linger to watch her;She spreads the bath-cloth underneath the windowAnd the sunbeams catch herGlistening white on the shoulders,While down her sides the mellowGolden shadow glows asShe stoops to the sponge, and her swung breastsSway like full-blownGloire de Dijon roses.She drips herself with water, and her shouldersGlisten as silver; they crumble upLike wet and falling roses, and I listenFor the sluicing of their rain-dishevelled petals.In the window full of sunlightConcentrates her golden shadowFold on fold, until it glows asMellow as the glory roses. 6.  From That Silent Evening by Galway Kinnell I will go back to that silent evening when we lay together and talked in low, silent voices, while outside slow lumps of soft snow fell, hushing as they got near the ground, with a fire in the room, in which centuries of tree went up in continuous ghost-giving-up, without a crackle, into morning light. 7.  Wild Nights by Emily Dickinson Wild nights! Wild nights! Were I with thee, Wild nights should be Our luxury! Futile the winds To a heart in port, Done with the compass, Done with the chart. Rowing in Eden! Ah! the sea! Might I  but moor To-night in thee! 8.  Sudden Light by Dante Gabriel Rossetti I  have been here before, But when or how I cannot tell: I know the grass beyond the door, The sweet keen smell, The sighing sound, the lights around the shore. You have been mine before,- How long ago I may not know: But just when at that swallows soar Your neck turned so, Some veil did fall,- I knew it all of yore. Has this been thus before? And shall not thus times eddying flight Still with our lives our love restore In deaths despite, And day and night yield one delight once more? 9.  An Argument by Thomas More Ive oft been told by learned friars, That wishing and the crime are one, And Heaven punishes desires As much as if the deed were done. If wishing damns us, you and I Are damned to all our hearts content; Come, then, at least we may enjoy Some pleasure for our punishment! 10.  The Song of Solomon 7:10-13 I am my lovers, and he desires me. Come, my darling, let us go out into the fields and spend the night in villages. Let us wake early and go to the vineyards and see if the vine is in blossom. There I will give you my love. The mandrakes will spray aroma and over our door will be precious fruit, new and old, which I have saved for you, my darling.

The case of the Montclair Hotel Group Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The of the Montclair Hotel Group - Case Study Example Another important information to be gathered is whether the employees are given any supplementary training that will make them work efficiently. A sample of the employees will be assessed on their opinions on what should be changed in their line of work and overall performance. The committee will use various methods to capture the report data. These methods are through Observation, Interviews, and Questionnaires. Through observation, the committee investigators will sought out information for the project through direct observation without asking the respondent (itsvineeth209). The main advantages of observation are there is less subjective bias, and the information is current. Interviews involve presentation oral verbal questions and responses between the interviewer and interviewee. This project will make use of personal interviews that are face to face. The questionnaire is a way through which a sample of questions are administered to the respondents who are supposed to return them to the one who administered them. After the information has been gathered, it will be disseminated according to requirements to create contrasting reports. The different reports that will be created are Hiring and Training report. This report shall contain all the methods and procedures that are followed to recruit employees in MHG Hotels, the remuneration structures, supplementary training and methods of appraisal. This report shall also deliver the mechanisms that available for benchmarking of the performance of employees periodically. Secondly, the following report will be the Management structure report. This report shall contain all the roles, responsibilities of the management and the reviewed Code of Conduct that needs to be abode by every employee. The most important report to be tabled is that of the alignment of the Mission and the Vision to the goals of MHG Hotels to meet the set objectives. These reports shall make use of graphical representations such as charts for eas ier analysis and market activity can be recognized (Investopedia). These reports shall be received first to the Chief Executive Officer of the MHG Hotel Chains, and then the Head of relevant Departments will receive them for indispensable department changes. The reports only become relevant to the department if they address the pertinent issues that affect them. The data analyzed from the project shall be clustered based on similar characteristics. The information that results from this filtering is then arranged in an organized manner to form a report. These reports shall both be hard copy and soft copy. The hard copy reports shall be kept for future reference and can be admissible as evidence in court when a dispute arises in the organization. The soft copy reports shall be used since it is easily accessible as long it is stored in the central server of the organization. Cloud computing is one method that seeks to reduce the environmental impact of data storage (Bouquet). First, p urpose of the project should be made clear to all the stakeholders in the MHG Hotel Chains. This is to safeguard the Action plan’s implementation and make amendments to the plan if assessment data point out they are required. The Action plan can be implemented in the following steps: Discuss needs assessment Define the problem Brainstorm ideas Prioritize ideas Development of problem statements i. Develop solutions

To what extent do you agree that puritism in early modern england and Essay - 1

To what extent do you agree that puritism in early modern england and wales was an opposition movement - Essay Example Their beliefs were also adopted in several learning institutions like University of Cambridge among others. The group differed with the traditional clergy system with regard to dress mode among other religious practices. This work tend explain the fact that Puritanism was opposition group not only to the traditional clergy system but also Queen Elizabeth I rule. The group later collaborated with the developing commercial groups as well as the Scottish Presbyterians to oppose the royal class. Some parliamentarians in opposition also strengthened the group. The group later became a strong political force between 1642 and 1946. However, the group was weakened by the English restoration and establishment of Uniformity Act. However, there were other religious groups like the Roman Catholic who opposed the Royal rule. To end this, the queen confirmed the break between English Clergy and the Roman Catholic, and then reaffirmed her role as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England (Bremer, 2009). This was through the Supremacy Act. The Queen later introduced the Uniformity Law that brought churches or denominations under one umbrella, the Church of England. However, the Queen tried to deviate from the traditional English Church norms by introducing the Edwardian prayer book which had different religious images among other variations. The queen did not completely end the puritan movement. She allowed puritan believers to conduct their worship among other religious activities. She also allowed Puritan MPs to air their views in the House of Commons (Walsh, 2002).